Consider string instruments. Whether strung on a violin, harp or a guitar, the vibration of a string on an instrument creates specific sounds. Change the way the string vibrates, or oscillates, and a different musical note is heard.
Like oscillations of a string, electrons in a solid oscillate at specific frequencies. These frequencies change by contact with chemicals, much like fingers on a musical instrument.
Researchers at The University of Alabama are working with Army scientists to develop and use this chemical symphony to quickly detect dangerous airborne chemicals. The technology uses electrical signals to tune in to specific frequencies corresponding to chemical weapons, toxic industrial chemicals or explosives. These chemicals can be impossible for humans to detect on their own, and rapid detection is challenging.
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Image via University of Alabama.